https:\/\/m.turkiyegazetesi.com.tr\/yazarlar\/genis-aci-fikir-ve-tartisma\/603294.aspx<\/p>\n
turkiyegazetesi.com.tr<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi 50.Y\u0131l
\nAna Sayfa \/ Geni\u015f A\u00e7\u0131 – Fikir ve tart\u0131\u015fma
\nHER CO\u011eRAFYADA G\u00d6N\u00dcLLER FETHETT\u0130LER<\/p>\n
20.07.2018<\/p>\n
Geni\u015f A\u00e7\u0131 – Fikir ve tart\u0131\u015fma
\nT\u00fcm Yaz\u0131lar\u0131<\/p>\n
Dr. Metin Hakverdio\u011flu
\nAmasya \u00dcniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi
\nmetin.hakverdioglu@amasya.edu.tr<\/p>\n
\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en farkl\u0131 hareketlerinden birisi Halvet\u00eeliktir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ahali taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sevilen bu yol, k\u0131sa zamanda da\u011flar, denizler a\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Kuzey Afrika\u2019ya kadar her co\u011frafyada g\u00f6n\u00fcller fethetmi\u015ftir. Bunda Halvet\u00eeli\u011fin ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck tesiri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Halvet, Hazret-i Peygamberin Hira Da\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 beden\u00ee ve ruh\u00ee yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ad\u0131d\u0131r. Tarihte pek \u00e7ok \u0130slam \u00e2limi bu yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131p Allah\u2019a daha yak\u0131n olmay\u0131 dilemi\u015ftir. Bu istek zamanla sistemle\u015fmi\u015f ve Halvet\u00eelik ad\u0131yla bir tarikat do\u011fmu\u015ftur.
\n\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en farkl\u0131 hareketlerinden birisi Halvet\u00eeliktir. Azerbaycan sahas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p t\u00fcm \u0130slam \u00e2lemine yay\u0131lmas\u0131 sadece on y\u0131llar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ahali taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sevilen bu yol, bir anda da\u011flar, denizler a\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve Kuzey Afrika\u2019ya kadar her co\u011frafyada g\u00f6n\u00fcller fethetmi\u015ftir. Amasya Tarihi yazar\u0131 H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin\u2019e g\u00f6re bunda Halvet\u00eeli\u011fin ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi vard\u0131r. Halvet\u00eeler halk\u0131n i\u00e7inde Hakk\u2019\u0131 arayan insanlar olabilmi\u015flerdir; ancak gariptir, kendilerini “halvet” denilen k\u0131rk g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir inzivaya \u00e7ekmeleri ile de me\u015fhurdurlar. Yani, Allah ile beraber olmak i\u00e7in halvete \u00e7ekilen Halvet\u00eeler, halkla beraber olmak i\u00e7in de mektep ve medresede idiler. Sanat, ilim, devlete sadakat, z\u00fchd ve takva bu tarikatta bir araya gelmi\u015f ve bu inan\u00e7 pek \u00e7ok sanat\u00e7\u0131, \u00e2lim ve devlet adam\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015funa zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumun g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rne\u011fi Amasya\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Pir \u015e\u00fccaeddin \u0130lyas hazretleridir. Onun hayat hik\u00e2yesi hem Osmanl\u0131\u2019da Halvet\u00eeli\u011fin saraya nas\u0131l h\u00e2kim oldu\u011funu hem de Anadolu\u2019da nas\u0131l yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130K\u0130 DERYA B\u0130R ARADA\u2026<\/p>\n
1400\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Em\u00eer Timur taraf\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131 “Fetret D\u00f6nemi”ne sokuldu\u011funda Amasya\u2019da da zor g\u00fcnler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu zor g\u00fcnlerde Amasya\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyen \u015fahsiyet olarak gen\u00e7 bir ilim adam\u0131 olan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc-z\u00e2de \u0130lyas\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar. K\u0131vrak bir zek\u00e2ya sahip olan \u0130lyas, Timur\u2019un komutan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n ilim \u015fehri \u015eamah\u0131\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f, burada ilim ve irfan\u0131n\u0131 tekmil etmesi istenmi\u015ftir. \u015eamah\u0131\u2019da Halvet\u00eeli\u011fin ilk \u00f6nderi olan \u00d6mer Halvet\u00ee\u2019nin dizinin dibinde iki b\u00fcy\u00fck derya bir araya gelmi\u015ftir: Pir \u0130lyas Amas\u00ee, Seyyit Yahya Bak\u00fcv\u00ee.<\/p>\n
“KIZILELMA”NIN PE\u015e\u0130NDELER<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 \u015feyhten el alan bu iki g\u00fczide \u015fahsiyet, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7ehresini de\u011fi\u015ftirmekte \u00e2deta yar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Halvet\u00eeli\u011fin ruhunu her gittikleri yere, her tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6nle nak\u015feden bu iki \u015fahsiyet, ayn\u0131 “k\u0131z\u0131lelma”n\u0131n pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir: \u0130l\u00e2-y\u0131 Kelimetullah, Nizam-\u0131 \u00c2lem…
\nSeyyit Yahya Bak\u00fcv\u00ee, \u015feyhi \u00d6mer Halvet\u00ee \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra \u015eamah\u0131\u2019y\u0131 terk edip Bak\u00fc\u2019ye gitmi\u015f ve oradan t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya Halvet\u00ee g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcleri yeti\u015ftirip g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Ona, Anadolu\u2019dan ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok yerinden y\u00fczlerce m\u00fcrit akm\u0131\u015f, o da bu m\u00fcritleri birer me\u015fale h\u00e2line getirip tekrar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalar\u0131na sevk etmi\u015ftir. Yukar\u0131da da belirtti\u011fimiz gibi Afrika\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok yere \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u0131\u015f\u0131k da\u011f\u0131lan bir nur seli ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pir Muhammed Erzincan\u00ee, Dede \u00d6mer Ru\u015feni, Molla Ali Halvet\u00ee ve Habib Karaman\u00ee gibi e\u015fsiz \u015fahsiyetler yeti\u015ftirip farkl\u0131 beldelere g\u00f6nderen Seyyit Yahya, 1464\u2019te Bak\u00fc\u2019de vefat etti\u011finde kendisine Pir-i s\u00e2n\u00ee, Halvet\u00eeli\u011fin ikinci kurucusu olarak dua eden milyonlarca m\u00fcride sahipti. Bak\u00fc\u2019de \u015eirvan\u015fahlar Saray\u0131nda bulunan kabri h\u00e2len \u00f6nemli ziyaretg\u00e2hlardan birisidir.
\nPir \u015e\u00fccaeddin \u0130lyas ise \u015eamah\u0131\u2019daki bu g\u00fczel g\u00fcnlerden sonra bir Halvet\u00ee \u015feyhi olarak Amasya\u2019ya d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f ve buradan ir\u015fat faaliyetlerine h\u0131z vermi\u015ftir.
\n\u201cAmasya Tarihi”nde H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin bu durumu \u015f\u00f6yle anlatmaktad\u0131r: \u201cP\u00eer \u0130lyas Halvet\u00ee hazretlerinin \u015eirv\u00e2n\u2019dan avdetiyle beraber Amasya\u2019da zuh\u00fbr iden tar\u00eekat-\u0131 Halvet\u00eeyye; Bab\u00e2\u00ee ve Mevlev\u00ee tar\u00eeklerinin ric\u00e2line \u00f6rnek olacak derecede takip\u00e7ilerine, ul\u00fbm-\u0131 ma\u2019\u00e2rife te\u015fv\u00eek, z\u00fchd \u00fc takv\u00e2ya y\u00f6nlendirerek \u00fcmer\u00e2 ve devlet adamlar\u0131na ta’arruz ve m\u00fcdahele etmekten menetmi\u015f oldu\u011fu cihetle halk\u0131n h\u00fcsn-i kabul\u00fcne mazhariyetle pek \u00e7abuk yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nSult\u00e2n Murad H\u00e2n-\u0131 S\u00e2n\u00ee hazretlerinin devrinde Zeyn\u00ee ve Nak\u015fibend\u00ee tar\u00eekleri de bilindi\u011fi gibi olduk\u00e7a yay\u0131ld\u0131 ise de Habib-i Karam\u00e2n\u00ee ve \u00c7elebi Hal\u00eefe hazer\u00e2t\u0131 gibi \u00f6nde gelen Halvet\u00eeler pek ziy\u00e2de i\u015ftih\u00e2r eyledikleri cihetle bu yeni tar\u00eek ile Baba\u00ee, Mevlev\u00ee tar\u00eekleri eski \u015f\u00f6hretlerini kaybetmi\u015flerdir.\u201d(C.1, s. 266)<\/p>\n
OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130\u2019NDE \u00c7OK SEV\u0130LD\u0130LER<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda ilk Halvet\u00ee hareketini ba\u015flatan Pir \u0130lyas; Zekeriya Halvet\u00ee, \u015eeyh \u015eerafeddin, Hamza Ak\u015femseddin gibi \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklere sahip \u015fahsiyetler yeti\u015ftirmi\u015f ve bu yolun Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde sevilmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pir \u0130lyas, mensuplar\u0131n\u0131 marifet ilmine te\u015fvik etmi\u015f, bu sayede halk\u0131n be\u011fenisini kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tarikat\u0131n \u00e7abucak yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n temel sebeplerinden biri, onun ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc, Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n temellerinin ikinci defa at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Amasya\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in padi\u015fah namzetlerini etkilemi\u015ftir. Bu etki ile Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesinin Halvet\u00ee ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc inanc\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fekillenmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pir \u0130lyas\u2019\u0131n yolundan gelen \u00c7elebi Halife\u2019nin (Mehmed Celaleddin Aksaray\u00ee) yeti\u015fmesi ile art\u0131k Halvet\u00eelik \u0130stanbul\u2019da en \u00f6nemli tarikat olmu\u015ftur.
\nPir \u0130lyas\u2019\u0131n getirdi\u011fi bu yolun, \u00f6zellikle Baba\u00ee tarikat\u0131ndan bunalan halka bir rahatl\u0131k verdi\u011fini H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin Yasar da alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek belirtir. Yasar\u2019\u0131n tarihinde Pir \u0130lyas\u2019\u0131n han\u0131m\u0131, torunu ve pek \u00e7ok Halvet\u00ee sanat\u00e7\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ilgin\u00e7 notlar mevcuttur. Pir \u0130lyas, e\u015fi Raziye Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131 ilim ve irfan sahibi k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in kendisi e\u011fitmi\u015ftir. Onun rahle-i tedrisinden ge\u00e7en Raziye Han\u0131m da Amasyal\u0131 han\u0131mlara dersler vermi\u015ftir.
\nDi\u011fer bir \u00f6rnek ise Mihr\u00ee Hatun\u2019dur. Mihr\u00ee Hatun T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc kad\u0131n \u015fairlerindendir ve Pir \u0130lyas Havet\u00ee\u2019nin torunudur. \u015eairin divan\u0131nda ve Tazarru-n\u00e2me adl\u0131 eserinde Halvet\u00eelik ile ilgili pek \u00e7ok ize rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Onun da Raziye Han\u0131m gibi iyi bir tahsil g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilinmektedir. Hatta “Belay\u00ee” mahlas\u0131 ile \u015fiirler yazan babas\u0131ndan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ilmi \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi tezkirelerde belirtilmi\u015ftir.
\nAmasya\u2019da Halvet\u00eeli\u011fin etkisini en iyi g\u00f6sterebilece\u011fimiz say\u0131sal veri, t\u00fcrbe say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Amasya halk\u0131n\u0131n daha h\u00e2l\u00e2 ak\u0131n ak\u0131n gitti\u011fi onlarca t\u00fcrbe Halvet\u00ee \u015feyhlerine aittir:
\nAkbilek T\u00fcrbesi
\n\u0130\u011fneci Baba T\u00fcrbesi
\nPir \u0130lyas T\u00fcrbesi
\nPir Sinan T\u00fcrbesi
\nPir Abdurrahman T\u00fcrbesi
\n\u00c7elebio\u011flu T\u00fcrbesi
\nHabib-i Karaman\u00ee T\u00fcrbesi
\nH\u00fcseyin Dede T\u00fcrbesi
\nSinan Efendi T\u00fcrbesi
\n\u015eeyh Zekeriyya T\u00fcrbesi
\nAbdurrahman Baba T\u00fcrbesi
\nKuba Evliyas\u0131 T\u00fcrbesi
\nKutup T\u00fcrbesi
\nKurtbo\u011fan Evliyas\u0131 T\u00fcrbesi
\nG\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc-z\u00e2de T\u00fcrbesi
\nMemi Dede T\u00fcrbesi
\nMansur Baba T\u00fcrbesi
\nYakup Halvet\u00ee T\u00fcrbesi<\/p>\n
\u0130L\u0130M VE \u0130RFANIN KAYNA\u011eI\u2026<\/p>\n
Halvet\u00eelik, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sanat\u0131 ve ilmi te\u015fvik etti\u011fi i\u00e7in insan\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131nda olan pek \u00e7ok alanda insan yeti\u015ftirilmesine \u00f6nayak olmu\u015ftur. Yine Pir \u0130lyas\u2019\u0131n yolunu takip eden \u00fcnl\u00fc h\u00fcsn-i hat ustas\u0131 Hattat Hamdullah da bir Halvet\u00ee\u2019dir ve Amasya\u2019da yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir. Amasya\u2019da Kurtbo\u011fan Evliyas\u0131 olarak bilinen \u015eerafeddin Hamza Halvet\u00ee\u2019nin o\u011flu Fatih\u2019in \u00fcnl\u00fc hocas\u0131 Ak\u015femseddin hazretleri, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir t\u0131p \u00e2limi idi…
\nT\u00fcm bu hususlar bir araya geldi\u011finde \u015f\u00f6yle bir noktaya ula\u015fmaktay\u0131z: Halvet\u00eelik Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n \u015eamah\u0131-Bak\u00fc \u015fehirlerinden do\u011fmu\u015f ve Anadolu\u2019daki ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck temsilcilerinden birisini Amasya\u2019da bulmu\u015ftur. Bu ki\u015fi Pir \u015e\u00fccaeddin \u0130lyas Halvet\u00ee\u2019dir. Halvet\u00eelik onun gayretleri ile \u00f6nce ailesinde, sonra Amasya\u2019da, sonra Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehzadelerinde ve sonra da t\u00fcm Osmanl\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131nda ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve sevginin, ilim ve irfan\u0131n, z\u00fchd ve takvan\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Y\u00fczy\u0131llarca, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yerine yay\u0131lan m\u00fcritleri, yeni tariklerin \u201ckulu\u00e7ka makinesi\u201d g\u00f6revini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
MODERN \u0130NSANIN \u0130HT\u0130YACI VAR<\/p>\n
Bak\u00fc\u2019den Balkanlara; Sibirya\u2019dan Fas\u2019a kadar geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgeye yay\u0131lan Halvet\u00eelik, do\u011fu\u015f yerlerinden birisi olan Amasya\u2019da 12 May\u0131s 2018 tarihinde bir kez daha masaya yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Onlarca akademisyenin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 III. Uluslararas\u0131 Bak\u00fc\u2019den Balkanlara Halvet\u00eelik Sempozyumu, Halvet\u00eelik hakk\u0131nda yeni ufuklar a\u00e7maya vesile oldu. Gen\u00e7 Tasavvuf\u00e7ular\u0131 Destekleme ve Geli\u015ftirme Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen sempozyumun onursal ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Hasan \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Yay\u0131nta\u015f yapt\u0131.
\n\u015eunun alt\u0131 bir kez daha \u00e7izilmelidir: B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada milyonlarca y\u00fcr\u00fcyeni olan bir yolun g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmaya ve incelenmeye ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Buna, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn modern toplumunun bir kez daha kafa yormas\u0131 ve kendisine bir huzur adas\u0131 bulamayan, kendisiyle bir dakika bile halvette olamayanlar\u0131n; k\u0131rk g\u00fcn halvete girebilenlerin ruh \u00e2lemindeki dinginli\u011fi, huzuru anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gerekir; bu, hayat\u0131 daha ya\u015fan\u0131r k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in bir zaruret h\u00e2lini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
https:\/\/m.turkiyegazetesi.com.tr\/yazarlar\/genis-aci-fikir-ve-tartisma\/603294.aspx turkiyegazetesi.com.tr T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi 50.Y\u0131l Ana Sayfa \/ Geni\u015f A\u00e7\u0131 – Fikir ve tart\u0131\u015fma HER CO\u011eRAFYADA G\u00d6N\u00dcLLER FETHETT\u0130LER 20.07.2018 Geni\u015f A\u00e7\u0131 – Fikir ve tart\u0131\u015fma T\u00fcm Yaz\u0131lar\u0131 Dr. Metin Hakverdio\u011flu Amasya \u00dcniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi metin.hakverdioglu@amasya.edu.tr \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n … Okumaya devam et