\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 500. Y\u0131l\u0131nda Hattat \u015eeyh Hamdullah Am\u00e2s\u00ee<\/p>\n
Hat Tarihini De\u011fi\u015ftirenT\u00fcrk<\/p>\n
Amasya, binlece y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015finde hep parlak \u015fahsiyetler yeti\u015ftirmesi ile \u00f6v\u00fcnegelmi\u015f bir \u015fehirdir. Strabon\u2019dan Mitridat\u2019a; Mihr\u00ee Hatun\u2019dan Zeynep Hatun\u2019a; \u015eehzadelerden \u00e2lim ve mutasavv\u0131flara kadar pek \u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fahsiyet burada yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\nBe\u015f y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce aram\u0131zdan ayr\u0131lan ancak ad\u0131 hat sanat\u0131 ile \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015fen \u015eeyh Hamdullah Am\u00e2s\u00ee de bunlardan birisidir.
\n\u015eeyh Hamdullah Am\u00e2s\u00ee (1436-1520) Kimdir?
\nYeni elde edilen bilgilerle hayat\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetlenebilir:
\nHorasan\u2019\u0131n Rey \u015fehrinden Amasya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7en bir ailenin Amasya\u2019daki ikinci nesil evlad\u0131d\u0131r. Bilindi\u011fi gibi Rey \u015fehri Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n 11-12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yerle\u015fti\u011fi en \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlerden idi ve burada Sultan Tu\u011frul Bey\u2019in mezar\u0131 mevcuttur. Bug\u00fcn \u0130ran y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 oradan gelen herkesin Fars oldu\u011funu iddia eden baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara rastlamamam\u0131za neden olmaktad\u0131r. Hamdullah Am\u00e2s\u00ee\u2019nin dedesi Horasanl\u0131 Mahmud Pur\u00e2n\u00ee, Amasya\u2019da me\u015fhur ad\u0131 ile Sar\u0131 Kad\u0131, Rey \u015fehrine yak\u0131n Pur\u00e2n\u2019dan gelmi\u015f bir O\u011fuz T\u00fcrk\u00fc\u2019d\u00fcr. Bu geli\u015f, Alparslan\u2019\u0131n Bat\u0131ya y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fal bir neticesidir. T\u00fcm T\u00fcrklerin Bat\u0131ya do\u011fru akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde o da Amasya\u2019ya yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu yerle\u015fimde en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkinin Halveti \u015eeyhi Pir \u0130lyas olmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimaldir. Amasya hem Pir \u0130lyas gibi bir ilim ve tasavvuf kutbuna sahip olmas\u0131 hem de ba\u015fta ipek ticareti olmak \u00fczere ticaretin merkezi olmas\u0131 hasebiyle pek\u00e7ok insan\u0131 kendine \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.
\nSar\u0131 Kad\u0131, Amasya\u2019ya geldi\u011finde hicri 800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llard\u0131r ve bu y\u0131llarda Pir \u0130lyas Halveti \u015fehrin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e2limidir. Ona intisab eden Sar\u0131 Kad\u0131 Mahmud Pur\u00e2n\u00ee, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Dere Mahallesine yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Geni\u015f bir aile olarak geldi\u011fi ve bu mevkie yerle\u015fti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan Sar\u0131 Kad\u0131 bir s\u00fcre sonra burada bir mahalle halini alm\u0131\u015f ve bu mahallenin ilk camiini Sar\u0131 Kad\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Eslem Hatun yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu mahalle bu y\u00fczden Eslem Mahallesi olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak pek \u00e7ok mahalle gibi bu mahalle de zamanla ortadan kabolmu\u015ftur; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc mahalle tan\u0131m\u0131 zamanla de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bir zamanlar cami etraf\u0131nda taplanan ve m\u00fcezzinin sesinin gitti\u011fi yere kadar s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7izilen mahalleler, bu \u015fart kalk\u0131nca yava\u015f yava\u015f birle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Git gide eski mahalle adlar\u0131 unutulmu\u015ftur.
\nEslem Mahallesinde verimli bir \u00e7ocukluk ve gen\u00e7lik d\u00f6nemi ya\u015fayan Hamdullah Am\u00e2s\u00ee, ilk e\u011fitimini ve hat terbiyesini babas\u0131ndan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Babas\u0131 \u015eeyh Muslihiddin Mustafa Dede, Sar\u0131 Kad\u0131 evlad\u0131ndan \u00fcnl\u00fc bir simad\u0131r. \u00c2lim, mutasavv\u0131f ve hattatt\u0131r.
\nHamdullah\u2019\u0131n, Eslem Mahallesinde Romal\u0131lardan kalma bir tap\u0131nak yeri olan Gedikli Kaya (Me\u015fk-g\u00e2h)\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p uzun m\u00fcddet yaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Amasya Tarihinde belirtilmi\u015ftir (9. Cilt, s. 231).
\nBu kaya ilgin\u00e7tir. \u015eu anda, Atat\u00fcrk An\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 arkan\u0131za al\u0131p g\u00fcneye bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za d\u00fc\u015fen ilk kayal\u0131k yerdir. Buradaki d\u00fczl\u00fck Hamdullah Am\u00e2s\u00ee i\u00e7in ve daha sonradan gelen ve onun gibi hattat olmak isteyenler i\u00e7in bir ilham ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yeri olmu\u015ftur. O y\u00fczden \u201cMe\u015fk-g\u00e2h\u201d ad\u0131yla daha hala bilinmektedir.
\nHattat Hamdullah\u2019\u0131n iyi bir hattat olmas\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphesiz ailesindeki b\u00fcy\u00fck hattatlar\u0131n etkisi vard\u0131r. Onun amcalar\u0131 dahil pek \u00e7ok akrabas\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc hattalard\u0131r. Amasya bu devride ve daha sonras\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019nun hattat yeti\u015ftirme fabrikas\u0131 gibidir, bu etkiyi de unutmamak gerekir.
\nHamdullah hattatl\u0131k yan\u0131nda iyi bir y\u00fczc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Y\u00fczmeyi Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak\u2019ta \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ve geli\u015ftirmi\u015f olmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimaldir.
\nAyn\u0131 zamanda iyi bir terzi olan hattat\u0131n bu meziyetine \u015fa\u015f\u0131rmamak laz\u0131md\u0131r. Hattatlar yazd\u0131klar\u0131 baz\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131 tablo halinde ast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bez \u00fczerine de i\u015flerler. Bu bez \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lan yaz\u0131lar\u0131 dikmek, nak\u0131\u015flamak da yine hattat\u0131n i\u015fidir.
\nHamdullah Am\u00e2s\u00ee bir de iyi bir ok\u00e7udur. Hatta \u0130stanbul\u2019a gitti\u011finde kensdisine Okmeydan\u0131ndaki Ok\u00e7ular Tekkesi \u015feyhli\u011fi verilmi\u015ftir. Ok e\u011fitimini de \u015eehzade Bayezid ile Amasya\u2019daki dostlu\u011fu s\u0131ras\u0131nda alm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hattatlar\u0131n ok\u00e7ulu\u011fa meyyal olmas\u0131 da bilinir. \u0130yi bir hattat ok atarkenki konsantrasyona ihtiya\u00e7 duyar.
\nHamdullah bir de iyi bir avc\u0131d\u0131r. Ok atan insan\u0131n avc\u0131 olmamas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Haf\u0131z oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeye bile gerek yoktur.
\nMihri Hatun\u2019un da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llarda Amasya\u2019da m\u00fcthi\u015f bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel patlama i\u00e7inde kendini bulan Hamdullah, art\u0131k bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k ortaya koymal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu fark, devrin yaz\u0131 devi say\u0131lan \u201c\u015eeyh Yakut\u201dun hatt\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7mek olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Bunu ba\u015farmak i\u00e7in y\u0131llarca Me\u015fk-gah ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi o tepede \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p durdu. En sonunda Aklam-\u0131 sitte denilen alt\u0131 yaz\u0131 stilinin hepsinde \u00fcstad oldu.
\n\u015eairler bu ba\u015far\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fu d\u00f6rtl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kaleme ald\u0131lar:
\n\u015eeyho\u011flu Hamdi hatt\u0131
\nT\u00e2 kim zuh\u00fbr buld\u0131
\n\u2018\u00c2lemde bu muhakkak
\nNesh old\u0131 hatt-\u0131 Y\u00e2kut
\nOnun yaz\u0131 stili, \u00f6zellikle s\u00fclaside, d\u00fcnyada en temel form kabul edildi. Art\u0131k Yakut\u2019un ve di\u011ferlerinin nesh (h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz) oldu\u011fu b\u00f6ylece ilan edilmi\u015ftir.
\nO, art\u0131k Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck hattat\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bayezid padi\u015fah olup \u0130stanbul\u2019a gidince onu bir s\u00fcre o\u011flu \u015eehzade Ahmed\u2019in hat hocas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015f; fakat daha sonra yan\u0131na \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rarak ona saray\u0131n hat hocas\u0131 olma onurunu ba\u011f\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. II. Bayezid\u2019in \u015eeyh Hamdullah\u2019a hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 o derece b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc ki onun hokkas\u0131n\u0131 tutmay\u0131 ve o me\u015fk ederken onu seyretmeyi en b\u00fcy\u00fck mutluluklardan sayard\u0131.
\nAmasya\u2019da iyi bir e\u011fitim alan ve kendisini hatt\u0131n zirvesine yazd\u0131ran Hamdullah Am\u00e2s\u00ee, 56 ya\u015f\u0131ndan 86 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar otuz y\u0131l \u0130stanbul\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nY\u00fczlerce Kuran ve y\u00fczlerce hat tabelas\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Amasya II. Bayezid Camiindeki \u00c7ift Vav formu onun en g\u00fczel stilistik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndand\u0131r.
\nII. Selim d\u00f6neminde inzivaya \u00e7ekilen Hamdullah, her zaman \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve stilini daima geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.
\n\u0130lgin\u00e7tir, ok\u00e7ulukta da bir efsane olarak Tozkoparan \u0130skender\u2019in onun \u00f6\u011frencisi oldu\u011funu M\u00fcstaki-zade Tuhfet\u00fc\u2019l-Hattatinde yazar.
\nKaynaklar \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cOk\u00e7ular Tekkesi\u2019nin ilk \u015feyhi ayn\u0131 zamanda iyi de bir hattat olan \u015eeyh Hamdullah\u2019t\u0131r. II. B\u00e2yezid d\u00f6nemi (1481-1512) \u00fcnl\u00fc kemanke\u015f ve hattatlar\u0131ndan olan \u015eeyh Hamdullah, 1505 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u0131ld\u0131z havas\u0131nda att\u0131\u011f\u0131, Tozkoparan menzilinde 1105.5 gezlik bir rekor k\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve ad\u0131na bu ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 elde etti\u011fine dair ta\u015f diktirmi\u015ftir.\u201d Ayr\u0131ca efsane de olsa, y\u00fczmede de \u00e7ok ileri gitmi\u015f, \u0130stanbul Bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczerek ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir, denilir.
\nKanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman, onu \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son deminde saraya davet etmi\u015f ve ondan bir Kur\u2019an yazmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir. Ancak seksen alt\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131na gelmi\u015f olan \u00fcstad, art\u0131k m\u00fckemmel bir
\nKuran yazamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek aff\u0131n\u0131 dilemi\u015ftir.
\nNetice:
\nBug\u00fcn Hamdullah Am\u00e2s\u00ee\u2019nin ruhundan feyz almak isteyen hattatl\u0131k heveslileri \u0130stanbul\u2019da, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar\u2019daki Karacaahmet Mezar\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ona bir fatiha okuyabilir; Amasya\u2019da ise Me\u015fk-gah d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p onun h\u00e2let-i ruhiyesini hissedip onun ad\u0131na yap\u0131lan M\u00fczede onu anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirler. M\u00fczenin giri\u015finde bulunan Kitabede, devrimizin \u00fcnl\u00fc hattat\u0131 Mahmut \u015eahin\u2019in hatt\u0131yla,
\nM\u00fcjdeler kim bir san\u2018atk\u00e2r hatt\u0131nu\u00f1 so\u00f1 meskeni
\nYapd\u0131 bu \u2018\u00e2l\u00ee bin\u00e2y\u0131 \u015fehrem\u00een\u00fcm muntaz\u00e2m
\nM\u00fcjdeler kim \u015fimdi Hamdull\u00e2h r\u00fbh\u0131 old\u0131 \u015f\u00e2d
\nBak ne ho\u015f bir melce k\u0131ld\u0131 eylemi\u015fken ber-mer\u00e2m
\nifadesini okuyup sevinebilirler.
\n\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcne devrin \u015fairleri ebcedli tarih d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir: \u201cZayfullah\u201d (H. 926)(M. 1520).
\nHamdullah Am\u00e2s\u00ee eserleri ile hala ya\u015f\u0131yor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n neresinde olursa olsun onun ad\u0131 her hat \u00fcstad\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frencisine miras b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor.
\nDerler ya, Kur\u2019an Mekke\u2019de indi, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da okundu, \u0130stanbul\u2019da yaz\u0131ld\u0131, diye; i\u015fte \u0130stanbul\u2019da Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 en m\u00fckemmel \u015fekli, stili, tarz\u0131 ile yazan ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck hattat Amasyal\u0131 \u015eeyh Hamdullah idi.
\n\u0130nsan nas\u0131l b\u00f6yle bir hattatla gurur duymaz!
\nBe\u015f y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00f6lmesine ra\u011fmen her hattat\u0131n g\u00f6nl\u00fcnde \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz olan bir T\u00fcrk hattat\u0131, \u015eeyh Hamdullah Am\u00e2s\u00ee, Ruhun \u015fad olsun!<\/p>\n
Do\u00e7. Dr. Metin HAKVERD\u0130O\u011eLU
\nAmasya \u00dcniversitesi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 500. Y\u0131l\u0131nda Hattat \u015eeyh Hamdullah Am\u00e2s\u00ee Hat Tarihini De\u011fi\u015ftirenT\u00fcrk Amasya, binlece y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015finde hep parlak \u015fahsiyetler yeti\u015ftirmesi ile \u00f6v\u00fcnegelmi\u015f bir \u015fehirdir. Strabon\u2019dan Mitridat\u2019a; Mihr\u00ee Hatun\u2019dan Zeynep Hatun\u2019a; \u015eehzadelerden \u00e2lim ve mutasavv\u0131flara kadar pek \u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fahsiyet burada yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir. Be\u015f … Okumaya devam et